Periodontitis

Periodontitis, sometimes also referred to as periodontal disease, is a common long-term inflammatory condition that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. It often starts quietly and can go unnoticed for a long time. If left untreated, it can lead to gum recession, loosening teeth, and in severe cases tooth loss. It affects the gums and the jawbone and is one of the most common causes of tooth loss in adults. The main trigger is bacterial plaque that builds up between the teeth and below the gumline. These bacteria activate the body’s immune response and, over time, the ongoing inflammation can damage the surrounding tissue and bone.

The good news is that if periodontitis is picked up early and treated consistently, it can usually be managed very well. In many cases, the progression can be slowed significantly, and sometimes it can be stopped altogether.

Causes and symptoms of periodontitis

The main cause of periodontitis is plaque build-up that is not removed effectively. If plaque is left in place, it can harden into tartar, which makes it easier for bacteria to accumulate and multiply. This often starts as gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums. If gingivitis is not treated, the inflammation can spread deeper and begin to affect the supporting tissues and bone, leading to periodontitis.

The most common symptoms are:

• Gums that bleed easily, especially when brushing or using dental floss

• Red, swollen gums

• Gum recession, which can make the teeth look longer

• Gum pockets forming around the teeth

• Teeth that feel loose or less stable

• Persistent bad breath that does not improve with oral hygiene

• Pain or a feeling of pressure when chewing, usually in more advanced cases

Periodontitis often goes unnoticed for a long time because it can progress without pain at first. That is why regular dental check-ups are so important for early detection.

What happens during periodontitis treatment

Periodontitis treatment usually happens step by step and is tailored to how advanced the condition is:

1. Examination and diagnosis
   We assess the gums and supporting tissues, measure gum pocket depths, and record bleeding and any tooth mobility. X rays may be used to understand what is happening below the surface.

2. Professional teeth cleaning (PZR)
   We remove plaque and tartar above the gumline and, where appropriate, slightly below it. This reduces the bacterial load and prepares the mouth for deeper treatment if needed.

3. Deep cleaning, also known as scaling or root planing
   Here we clean below the gumline and remove plaque and hardened deposits from the root surfaces. The roots are smoothed to make it harder for bacteria to build up again.

4. Antibacterial support
   In some cases we may add antibacterial rinses or gels. Antibiotics are only used when they are truly needed, for example with persistent or aggressive infection.

5. Surgical treatment for advanced periodontitis
   If gum pockets are very deep, surgery may be recommended. The gum is gently lifted so the area can be cleaned thoroughly and damaged tissue can be removed where necessary.

6. Aftercare and maintenance
   Regular reviews, ongoing professional cleanings, and consistent home care are key to keeping the results stable long term and reducing the risk of recurrence.

Prevention and long-term care

Healthy gums and a stable jawbone can often be maintained for the long term with the right preventive routine. This usually includes the following.

• Thorough daily oral hygiene
  Brush at least twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste and clean between the teeth using dental floss or interdental brushes.

• Regular check-ups
  Ideally twice a year, including professional teeth cleaning when needed.

• Reducing risk factors
  Smoking, ongoing stress, and an unhealthy diet can increase the risk of periodontitis and make it harder to control. A healthier lifestyle can make a real difference.

• Keeping general health in mind
  Periodontitis is linked with systemic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. If you are affected, it can be helpful when your dentist and GP coordinate care.

Conclusion

Periodontitis is a serious condition and, if left untreated, it can affect both your oral health and your overall health. The reassuring part is that early diagnosis and professional treatment offer an excellent chance to bring it under control and keep it stable. With regular follow-up care, good daily oral hygiene, and the right preventive support, many people can keep their natural teeth for life. If you notice early signs, it is worth getting advice sooner rather than later. Your teeth and gums will thank you.